EPA Establishes Alternative Fuel Standard by Lisa Ziegler

As part of President George W. Bush's Twenty in Ten initiative that aims to reduce gasoline consumption in the United States up to 20 percent in the next ten years, Bush Administration's established the Alternative Fuel Standard (AFS) that will require companies including car manufacturer's to utilize about 35 billion gallons of renewable and alternative fuels in 2017.

In regards with this, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has also established the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), the country's first ever comprehensive renewable fuel standard initiative. The RFS program was presented to the public during a recently press conference held last April 10, 2007 conducted by EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator (NHTSA), along with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Here is what the officials of the three government agencies have to say.

Energy Secretary Samuel Bodman: "Increasing the use of renewable and alternative fuels to power our nation's vehicles will help meet the President's Twenty in Ten goal of reducing gasoline usage by 20 percent in ten years. The Administration's sustained commitment to technology investment will bring a variety of alternative fuel sources to market and further reduce our nation's dependence on foreign sources of energy."

Meanwhile, Nicole R. Nason, Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration said: "While we must look at increasing the availability of renewable and alternative fuels, we must also continue to improve the fuel efficiency of our passenger cars and light trucks. As a part of the President's "20 in 10" energy security plan, we need Congress to give the Secretary of Transportation the authority to reform the current passenger car fuel economy standard."

The main objective of the RFS program is to promote the use of alternative fuels like ethanol and biodiesel that can be abundantly produced from agricultural crops found all over the U.S. including corn, soy beans, sugar cane, and other vegetables. Some of the initiatives, requirements, and other objectives of the RFS program include: motor vehicles sold in the U.S. by 2012 should run on about 7.5 billion gallons renewable fuel mixed with conventional fuel (like diesel or gasoline); reduce the utilization of petroleum-based fuel up to 3.9 billion gallons; reduce the harmful emissions and greenhouse gasses by 13.1 million metric tons by 2012; and reduce gasoline use by approximately 20 percent after the next ten years.

With the RFS program implemented, we might see a Jeep model with quality Jeep steering damper that runs on ethanol or biodiesel fuel.

About the Author

Lisa Ziegler is a 29-year old native of Waldport, Oregon and is currently working as a senior research analyst in a top Automotive Research Consultancy firm.

Bush Pushes Reduction Of Foreign Oil Dependency, Greenhouse Gases by Lauren Woods

US President George W. Bush is pushing his administration proposal which is aimed at reducing foreign oil dependence and decreasing greenhouse gases. This is also aimed at increasing the supply of alternative and renewable fuels around the globe.

Earlier, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established the nation's first comprehensive Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) program. At the recent press conference, Stephen L. Johnson, EPA administrator; and Nicole Nason, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, discussed the essence of RFS program which is increasing the use of alternative fuels and modernizing CAFE standards for cars.

"The Renewable Fuel Standard offers the American people a hat trick - it protects the environment, strengthens our energy security, and supports America's farmers," said Johnson. "Today, we're taking an important first step toward meeting President Bush's "20 in 10" goal of jumping off the treadmill of foreign oil dependency."

"Increasing the use of renewable and alternative fuels to power our nation's vehicles will help meet the President's Twenty in Ten goal of reducing gasoline usage by 20 percent in ten years," Samuel W. Bodman, the Secretary of Energy, said. "The Administration's sustained commitment to technology investment will bring a variety of alternative fuel sources to market and further reduce our nation's dependence on foreign sources of energy."

"While we must look at increasing the availability of renewable and alternative fuels, we must also continue to improve the fuel efficiency of our passenger cars and light trucks," said Nicole R. Nason, the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). "As a part of the President's "20 in 10" energy security plan, we need Congress to give the Secretary of Transportation the authority to reform the current passenger car fuel economy standard."

The RFS, as authorized by the Energy Policy Act of 2005, mandates that the equivalent of at least 7.5 billion gallons of renewable fuel be blended into motor vehicle fuel sold in the United States by 2012. The program is aimed at slashing petroleum use by up to 3.9 billion gallons and reducing annual greenhouse gas emissions by up to 13.1 million metric tons by 2012. It means that the program is preventing the emissions of some 2.3 million cars.

The RFS is an essential step toward meeting Bush's call to slash the use of gasoline 20-percent within ten years. This could be done by switching to renewable and alternative fuel use to 35 billion gallons by the year 2017. The goal behind the RFS is the promotion of the use of fuels like ethanol and biodiesel. These alternative fuels are largely produced from American crops.

The program is also aimed at creating new markets for farm products. This is also done to increase energy security and promote the formulation of sophisticated technologies to help make renewable fuel cost competitive with the traditional gasoline. Additionally, the program establishes special incentives for producing and using fuels derived from cellulosic biomass. Examples of which include woodchips and switchgrass.

The RFS program requires major American refiners, blenders, and importers to use a minimum volume of renewable fuel annually starting 2007 through 2012. The minimum level or "standard" which is determined as a percentage of the total volume of fuel a company produces or imports, will increase on a yearly basis. For this year, 4.02 percent of all the fuel sold or dispensed to American motorists will have to come from renewable sources and that is approximately 4.7 billion gallons.

The RFS program is based on a trading system that provides a flexible means for industry to comply with the annual standard by allowing renewable fuels to be used where they are most economical. To achieve the goal of Bush Administration's Alternative Fuel Standard (AFS), it is necessary to enforce the RFS. The latter requires the use of 35 billion gallons of renewable and alternative fuels in 2017. It is nearly five times the RFS target in 2012. The said program necessitates an in-depth study and testing to come up with compatible DC sports cold air intake, engines and more.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

Alternative Energy, What Is It!? by © Elton DeWése - All Rights Reserved

There's a lot of energy that we can harness if we only seek to research and develop the technologies needed to do so. We can get away from the fossil fuels and the old electrical grids by turning to alternatives to these highly polluting energy sources.

One of these alternative energy sources is wind power. Wind turbines continue to be developed that are progressively more energy efficient and less costly. "Wind farms" are springing up in many nations, and they're being more strategically placed so they will not jeopardizing birds (or aircraft) as former wind turbines did.

Another alternative energy resource is the one that is most well known: solar energy. This involves the manufacturing of solar cells which gather and focus the energy given off directly by the sun, and translates it into electricity or, in some cases, hot water. As with wind energy, solar energy creates absolutely zero pollution.

Ocean wave energy is seen by governments and investors as having enormous energy generating potential. A generator in France has been in operation for many years now and is considered to be a great success, and the Irish and Scots are running experimental facilities.

Hydroelectric power has been with us for a while and where it's set up, it's a powerful generator of electricity and cleaner than a grid. However, there are certain limitations to the availability of the right places to set up a large dam. Many run-of-the-river, or small and localized, hydroelectric generators have been set up mostly or entirely for the communities they were built in due to this limitation.

Geothermal energy is extremely abundant, since it lies directly beneath our feet, just a few miles below the earth's surface. This energy is produced by the heating of water through the actions of earth's fantastically hot molten core. The water turns to steam, which can then be harnessed and used to drive turbine engines which in turn generate electricity. Great amounts of research and development should be put into geothermal energy tapping.

Waste gas energies, which are essentially methane, reverse the usual energy-pollution relationship by creating energy from waste that lies in the dumps and from some air pollutants. This gas is used in fuel cells and can be used in standard gasoline generators.

Ethanol's a gasoline substitute and is created from such things as wheat, sugarcane, grapes, strawberries, corn, and even wood chips and wood cellulose. There's controversy over this fuel with regards to its ever becoming truly economical or practical except in very localized areas. But technologies for its extraction and "admixturing" are continuously being refined.

Biodiesel energy is created out of oils contained in plants. So far, the commercial stores of biodiesel are created using soybean, rapeseed, and sunflower oils. At the time of this writing, biodiesel is typically produced by entrepreneurial minded individuals or those who want to experiment with alternative energy, but commercial interest from companies is on the rise. It burns much cleaner than oil-based diesel.

Atomic energy is created in atomic energy plants using the process of nuclear fission. This energy is extremely efficient and can generate huge amounts of power. However there is concern from many people (including yours truly) about what to do with the vast amounts of waste product atomic energy gives off, since it 's radioactive and takes thousands of years to decay into harmlessness. Food for thought....

About the Author

With "over 3300 items" to choose from his gift store and many more from his audio/video store, Elton DeWése (owner/operator) manages one of the best sites on line for Gift ware, Collectibles and Home and Garden décor items.

Gift Store=>http://www.greenlightmerchants.com

Audio/video Store=>http://www.glmstore.com

Florida Green Vehicle Population Increases by Lauren Woods

April is being observed as the National Alternative Fuel Autos Month by the auto industry in the United States. In connection with this, the R.L Polk and Co. undertook a study to find out the number of flex fuel vehicles on the country's roads.

In Florida, the study found out that the population of alternative fuel vehicles is at 593,000 units last year. That number includes hybrid vehicles, E85 powered vehicles, and those vehicles which are made to be capable of running on biodiesel. The figure shows an improvement of 22.1 percent compared to the number of green vehicles in 2005.

Two years ago, the number of alternative fuel vehicles in the state of Florida is estimated to be about 486,000.

Dave McCurdy, the President of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, has this to say about the result of the study: "I am proud to see that the sales of Alternative Fuel Autos are rising. The auto industry is a new industry; manufacturers are committed to selling vehicles that can run on something other than just gasoline, and consumers are taking notice."

The demand for green cars is the result of the increasing awareness of the threat of global warming amongst American car buyers. Recent spikes in the price of gasoline have forced motorists to look for more fuel efficient vehicles. In Florida, the demand is hugely evidenced by the growing number of alternative fuel vehicles. The state has the third most number of alternative fuel vehicles in the entire land.

In the United States, car manufacturers play a major role in the increase of the number of alternative fuel vehicle out in the roads. They have designed and produced alternative fuel vehicles to address the demand of American motorists. In the year 2000, there are only twelve models of alternative fuel vehicles available for the public.

After seven years, the number of alternative fuel vehicle models has been multiplied by five so much so that the numbers now equal to a high of sixty. Among the sixty models of alternative fuel vehicles are hybrid electric vehicles, bio-ethanol capable flex fuel vehicles, and biodiesel engined vehicles. The increasing choice of alternative fuel vehicles in the United States played a key role in the huge sales figure of green vehicle last year.

In 2006, more than 1.5 million units of alternative fuel vehicles are sold. That number surpassed the Alliance's expected sales.

The auto makers' effort to meet the demand for clean vehicles is said to have played a major role in the increased number of alternative fuel vehicles on U.S. roads. According to Walter Dartland, the Executive Director of Consumer Federation of the Southeast, "One of the best ways to address greater fuel efficiency, and less dependence on oil is to drive an alternative fuel automobile. With so many different models currently available, it's clear that auto manufacturers are responding to the wants and needs of today's drivers."

These green vehicles offered by car makers are proven to cut down fuel consumption while providing good performance level. These cars' performance can be further enhanced with aftermarket parts such as Vibrant cold air intake systems.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

The Grey Clouds Blurring Flex Cars Goal by Ryan Thomas

Business Week reported that even though President Bush enjoyed a high-profile photo-op on Monday with the heads of the Big Three automakers who showed him an impressive lineup of their latest clean-car models. Flex cars include General Motors Corporation's model that can run on ethanol, a plug-in vehicle powered by hydrogen from the Ford Motor Co., and a DaimlerChrysler AG Jeep fueled by a biodiesel blend. According to the magazine all was not quite what it seemed.

Business Week said there is a dirty secret about US made clean cars. That secret could send grey clouds to make flex cars goal a blurry deal. The present government policies for flex-fuel vehicles give automakers leeway in meeting fuel-economy standards if they produce flex-fuel cars and trucks.

Hence, Detroit's automakers have been manufacturing out hundreds of thousands of the vehicles, even though most consumers have no access to alternative fuels because they are available at only a fraction of gas stations in the United States.

Just one percent of the nation's flexible-fuel vehicles actually use E85. The remaining 99 percent are using the traditional gasoline fuel. The aftermath is anything but green. E85 is an alcohol fuel mixture that contains a mixture of up to 85 percent denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline or other hydrocarbons. The ethanol component ranges from 70 or 83 percent. The said fuel is widely used in Sweden and is now getting more and more popular in the United States.

GM serves as a modern leader in flexible fuel engines, as its Swedish subsidiary Saab has developed a turbocharged flexible-fuel engine called the BioPower. The sophisticated engine takes special advantage of the high-octane fuel. The engine allows the vehicle to accelerate faster and achieve dramatic speeds when running on E85 compared to running on pure gasoline. Tests conducted using older Saabs fitted with the APC system revealed that they can run fine on up to 50 percent E85 mixed with ordinary gasoline. Nevertheless, the fuel is expected to have long term effects as ethanol is more aggressive on tubes and that gasoline also acts as a lubricant.

Additionally, GM's Brazilian subsidiary adopted the automaker's Family II and Family 1 straight-4 engines with FlexPower technology that enables the use of ethanol, gasoline, or mix fuel. The vehicles with FlexPower include the Chevrolet Corsa and the Chevrolet Astra.

Nowadays, automakers are aiming at manufacturing more flex fuel vehicles to cope with the demands of the standards. This is the reason why automakers are asking considerable support from the administration. The pecuniary support is expected to finance research, testing and studies regarding the use of alternative fuels. If ever Nissan Motors Corp. Ltd. decides to build flex fuel vehicles, the automaker would consider a number of things. One of which is Nissan engines, which would require a meticulous study.

Environmental advocates are not shy about voicing their outrage. "It's a total scam," said Dan Becker, director of the Sierra Club's global warming program. He added, "The automakers are trying to shield themselves from having to make more efficient vehicles. They're avoiding the path to cutting oil dependence, curbing global warming, saving consumers' money, and ultimately saving Detroit from competitors like Toyota."

About the Author

Ryan Thomas is a native of Denver, Colorado. He grew up in a family of car afficionados. He now resides in Detroit where he owns a service shop and works part time as a consultant for a local automotive magazine.

Flex Fuel Cars Are Not So Clean by Joe Thompson

After the meeting between President George Bush and the CEOs of the Big Three, the general public commended the dedication of the parties to make the United States' energy quite dependent.

While there are flex fuel cars in production which can run on alternative fuels, Business Week reported that the promise of these vehicles is not what they seem to be. This reaction comes after the President held the energy meeting with the Big Three and did not invite Toyota to the party.

Business Week reported that there is a dirty secret behind the production of flex-fuel vehicles. Government policies allow car manufacturers to manufacture gas guzzlers as long as they produce flex-fuel vehicles. And in reality, majority of flex fuel vehicles already on the country's roads are far fro being clean.

It is also reported that the Big Three produced thousands of units of flex fuel vehicles to increase their CAFE average since flex fuel cars are given very high gas mileage ratings. These flex fuel cars are impractical since most consumers have no access to alternative fuels according to Business Week. In fact, a study reveals that only one percent of flex fuel vehicles are actually using alternative fuel like E85 while for the rest of the lot, 99 percent of them are still running on petroleum gasoline.

This secret has enraged environmental watchdogs like the Sierra Club. Dan Becker, the director for Global Warming Program of the club, calls the production of flex-fuel vehicles and the hype that comes with it as a "total scam". "The automakers are trying to shield themselves from having to make more efficient vehicles. They're avoiding the path to cutting oil dependence, curbing global warming, saving consumers' money, and ultimately saving Detroit from competitors like Toyota," says Becker.

The reaction comes after the President met Rick Wagoner for General Motors, Alan Mulally for Ford, and Tom LaSorda for Chrysler to talk about energy policy. It can be remembered that the absence of Toyota in the meeting has received criticism since Toyota is in a position to provide the administration with insightful information in the production of vehicles that will support the government's goal to reduce energy dependency on oil producing countries.

Some of the vehicles presented to the President after the said meeting are flex-fuel vehicles from the Big Three's lineup. A General Motors model which runs on ethanol is one of the vehicles presented to President Bush as well as a plug-in hybrid from Ford and a DaimlerChrysler Jeep running on biodiesel. All these vehicles are designed to save fuel and reduce emission with the use of advance mechanical and automotive electrical components. If the government makes a step towards the expansion of the alternative fuel industry, these vehicles will surely be used to reach the administration's "Twenty in Ten" goal.

About the Author

Joe Thompson is the owner of a successful auto body shop in Ferndale, California. This 38 year old is also a prolific writer, contributing automotive related articles to various publications.

President Bush Inspects Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fleets by Glady Reign

After meeting with the chief executive officers of the Big Three, US President George W. Bush inspected alternative fuel vehicle fleets from the transportation industry. The inspection is part of the President's goal of reducing gasoline consumption by twenty percent in the next ten years.

Alternative fuel vehicles present at the inspection came from FedEx, UPS, the U.S. Postal Service and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (METRO). These vehicles use different technologies but share the same goal of reducing gasoline consumption.

Technologies used by the said fleets includes hybrid electric, biodiesel, compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, propane, and hydrogen fuel cell.

After the demonstration and inspection of the alternative fuel vehicle, the President cited his reason for the event saying: "The reason I've come is I want the American people to understand that there are new technologies on the market that are being used every single day, but there's more we can do." He once again urged the Congress to support his "Twenty in Ten Goal" in his speech. "I'm looking forward to working with Congress to meet this goal. They need to pass meaningful energy legislation as soon as possible, all aiming at making sure that we promote technologies that, for the sake of our national security and for the sake of good environmental policy, we reduce the usage of gasoline," the President added.

It can be remembered that he also appealed to Congress to approve the request for funding for alternative fuel research. He made the appeal after his meeting CEOs of the Big Three - Rick Wagoner for General Motors, Alan Mulally for Ford, and Tom LaSorda for Chrysler. His speech appears to serve as a Volvo spark plug wire in transmitting his goal to the legislative body of the country.

In his State of the Union Address in January of this year, he proposed an allocation of $1.2 billion in research funding for the mentioned technology. Recently he cited that the request for funding pending on Congress will be used for research to develop new ways to produce bio-ethanol from other sources aside from corn.

The President also defended his goal for energy independence. "The goal I laid out of reducing gasoline by 20 percent over 10 years is a realistic goal. In other words, this isn't a pipe dream; this is something that our nation can accomplish. It's going to take more research dollars, it's going to take working with the private sector, and it's going to take innovative leadership," says the President.

He also extended his appreciation to the large fleets present at the demonstration of alternative fuel vehicles saying: "I thank the folks here who are representing companies that have got innovative leadership, people willing to make use of technologies that change the way we drive and will change the way we live."

About the Author

Glady Reign is a 32 year old is a consultant for an automotive firm based in Detroit, Mi. she is a native of the motor city and grew up around cars hence her expertise in the automotive field.

DaimlerChrysler to Develop E85-Capable and PHEV Models by Dwyane Thomas

DaimlerChrysler AG, along with Ford Motor Company and General Motors Corp. plans to improve the consumer access to alternative fuels and reduce the country's dependence on petroleum products.

After a meeting in White House and the demonstration of alternative fuel vehicles on the South Lawn drive, Pres. George W. Bush talked to the public media about his meeting with the top executives of the three American automakers including Rick Wagoner, Alan Mulally, and Tom LaSorda. Pres. Bush made some remarks on the three automaker's goal to reduce the nation's gasoline consumption by 20 percent in the next 10 years.

Pres. George W. Bush said: "I found it very interesting that by 2012, 50 percent of the automobiles in America will be flex-fuel vehicles. That means that the American consumer will be able to either use gasoline or ethanol, depending upon, obviously, price and convenience. That's a major technological breakthrough for the country. If you want to reduce gasoline usage, like I believe we need to do so for national security reasons, as well as for environmental concerns, the consumer has got to be in a position to make a rational choice. And so I appreciate very much the fact that American automobile manufacturers recognize the reality of the world in which we live and are using new technologies to give the consumers different options."

"Right now, most of our ethanol is made from corn. But the federal government is spending a lot of money to try to develop new technologies that will mean that ethanol could be made from wood chips or switch grass. Part of that request is embedded in a request to the Congress, and I would hope that Congress would move expeditiously on our plan to reduce gasoline usage by 20 percent over the next 10 years. It's in our national security interest that we do this, it's in economic security interest we do it, and all at the same time, it will help us be better stewards of the environment." he continued.

Tom LaSorda, Chief Executive Officer of DaimlerChrysler AG's Chrysler Group commented: "Well, DaimlerChrysler, which includes the Mercedes car group, the Freightliner and other truck divisions in the Chrysler group, we've committed, as well, by 2012, to have 50 percent of our production not only in E85, but biodiesel. This Jeep Grand Cherokee here today is going into production as we speak, being shipped from the factory with B5. So we've very committed to this, as well, and we think this is the answer for America to lower our dependence on foreign oil."

Does this mean that Mercedes-Benz will also develop E85-capable vehicles with Mercedes oil filters by 2012?

In addition to DaimlerChrysler's plan to develop vehicles running on E85 fuel, the company has also announced recently that are expanding the concept plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) program by including the all-new 2007 Dodge Sprinter full size van on the lineup. The Sprinter PHEV will be equipped with a lithium-ion battery pack for additional power and energy storage.

About the Author

Dwyane Thomas is a part time cook and full-time auto-enthusiast. This 31-year old Civil and Environmental graduate is a consultant at one of the engineering firms in Pennsylvania.

Large Vehicle Fleets Powered by Alternative Fuel by Glady Reign

US President George W. Bush outlined in his State of the Union Address his administration's aim to reduce the country's dependency on foreign oil. The "Twenty in Ten", essentially reducing gasoline consumption by twenty percent in ten years time, has received the support of the Big Three as the heads of General Motors, the Ford Motor Company and Chrysler Corp. attended a meeting with the President recently.

Good news for the administration is the use of alternative fuels by large vehicle fleets. The President inspected the alternative fuel vehicles used by large fleets in the United States.

Among the largest fleet in the country using fuel efficient vehicles are the U.S. Postal Service, FedEx, UPS, and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. These large fleets are contributing to the country's energy independence by using different types of alternative fuel vehicles on their fleet. These fleets use a variety of alternative fuel vehicles which includes hybrid electric vehicles, biodiesel engines, compressed natural gas or CNG, liquefied natural gas, propane, and hydrogen fuel cell units.

All these technologies are known to be good substitute to gasoline since they all come from renewable sources and have limited greenhouse gas emissions as when compared to petroleum gasoline or diesel fuel.

Among the large fleets in America, the U.S. Postal Service has the largest number of alternative fuel vehicles being used. The 13 percent of the 289,000 vehicles in the fleet represents the biggest fleet of alternative fuel vehicles in the world. Hybrids, biodiesel, compressed natural gas, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles composed thirteen percent of the U.S. Postal Service's fleet.

UPS, meanwhile, has the biggest alternative fuel fleet in its class with over 1,500 alternative fuel vehicles. Its alternative fuel vehicle fleet is composed of compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, propane, hydrogen fuel cell, and hybrid electric vehicles.

FedEx operates about a hundred hybrid electric diesel vehicles in its alternative fuel vehicle fleet. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority or METRO, like FedEx, also takes advantage of the hybrid electric diesel technology. It has already 50 units of alternative fuel vehicles on the road and being used as part of their service.

These large fleets clearly support the Clean Cities Program which promotes the use of alternative fuel vehicles to reduce gasoline consumption. The program is in connection with President Bush's "Twenty in Ten" goal. The vehicles used by these fleets are as reliable and safe as Volvo S60 parts and at the same time provides the fleet operators good fuel economy.

The production of greenhouse gases is also reduced thereby lessening the negative impact of their fleets on the environment. With the plug-in hybrid still in development, these fleets have the potential to even expand their alternative fuel vehicle fleet.

About the Author

Glady Reign is a 32 year old is a consultant for an automotive firm based in Detroit, Mi. she is a native of the motor city and grew up around cars hence her expertise in the automotive field.

Joint Statement of Ford, GM, Chrysler on Meeting with Pres. Bush by Dwyane Thomas

The Chief Executive Officers (CEO) of America's leading Detroit-based automakers including Richard Wagoner of General Motors, Alan Mulally of Ford Motor Company, and Tom LaSorda of Chrysler Group has recently conducted a meeting with President George W. Bush to help improve the development of alternative fuel (e.g. ethanol and biodiesel fuel). The three automakers also aim to reduce the country's dependence on petroleum based products and reduce consumption of gas.

After the meeting with President Bush, the three CEOs went outside the White House with the President and US Transportation Secretary Mary Peters to discuss some ways on how to improve the consumer's access to alternative fuels.

Here is what the three CEOs said in a join statement regarding the meeting:

"We briefed the President about the more than 6 million FFVs on the road today and we will add over a million FFV cars and trucks in 2007 alone. We explained to the President that if all these vehicles were running on E85, they would displace more than 3.6 billion gallons of gasoline a year. And even more compelling, if all the E85 capable vehicles on the road today -- along with those that GM, Ford and DaimlerChrysler have already committed to produce over the next 10 years -- were to run on E85, we could displace 22 billion gallons of gasoline annually. Also, if all manufacturers made a comparable commitment to make half their annual production capable of running on biofuels, we could increase the savings to 37 billion gallons of gasoline annually in 2017. Furthermore, we pointed out the benefits of clean diesel technology and that if all diesel vehicles today were fueled with B5 (five percent biodiesel) we could displace 1.85 billion gallons of petroleum per year; and 7.4 billion gallons per year if B20 (20 percent biodiesel) were utilized.

In order to achieve these levels of petroleum savings, we asked the President to help provide Americans with reasonable access to these fuels at a price that is competitive with gasoline. Right now there are approximately 1,100 E85 pumps in the U.S. and 1,000 biodiesel pumps, out of 170,000 gas stations. We expressed to the President that we are willing to lead the way, but we need government and fuel providers to increase infrastructure before we can make a meaningful impact.

In addition, we discussed with the President that as part of an overall national strategy to fully tap the potential of biofuels to displace petroleum, vehicle production increases must be accompanied by continuing the incentives that encourage the manufacture, distribution, and availability of biofuels and the production of flexible fuel vehicles.

We updated the President on our wide range of advanced vehicle technologies that run on alternative fuels such as E85, biodiesel, electricity and hydrogen. Plug-in hybrid vehicles can play a significant role in our transportation future. Increased funding for domestic battery research and development can help accelerate bringing these vehicles to market.

Overall, we were pleased with the exchange that we had with the President and all parties came away with an understanding of the significant, positive impact that biofuels can make on the environment and in reducing our nation's reliance on oil.

We welcome the opportunity to continue working with President Bush, his Administration, and the Congress in a bipartisan manner and to move forward on solutions to these issues while continuing to do our part to ensure America's long-standing leadership in manufacturing and innovation."

This statement emphasizes that GM, Ford, and DaimlerChrysler will develop and produce vehicles with E85 capability in the next 10 years. So expect to see a Mercedes-Benz luxury super car model running on ethanol fuel pumping out on its Mercedes engine parts.

About the Author

Dwyane Thomas is a part time cook and full-time auto-enthusiast. This 31-year old Civil and Environmental graduate is a consultant at one of the engineering firms in Pennsylvania.

Vehicles Running on E85 Available in the United States by Lauren Woods

Due to the increased threat of global warming and the Bush administration's goal to reduce gasoline consumption, the alternative fuel industry has been booming. There are already pumps in the United States which supplies alternative fuels like biodiesel and bio-ethanol for owners of vehicles which run on such fuels. These alternative fuels are serving a host of flex fuel vehicles already being sold in the U.S.

Vehicles which run on E85, a combination of bio-ethanol and conventional gasoline, are already making their appearances in showrooms and roads across the United States. These vehicles burn cleaner fuel and therefore produce less greenhouse gases which contribute to the protection of the environment.

Vehicles running on E85 are increasing in number. Bio-ethanol powered vehicles which are available in the United States include the Buick Terraza; the Chevrolet Avalanche, Express, Impala, Monte Carlo, Silverado, Suburban, Tahoe, and Uplander; the Chrysler Aspen, Sebring, and Town & Country; for Dodge, the Caravan/ Grand Caravan, Durango, Dakota, and the Ram. Two Ford vehicles are also available in E85 fuel configuration - the Ford Crown Victoria and the Ford F-150 Pickup Truck. GMC offers four flex fuel vehicles - the GMC Savana, Sierra, Yukon, and Yukon XL. Other flex fuel vehicles are the Jeep Grand Cherokee, Jeep Commander, Lincoln Town Car, Mercedes-Benz C-Class, Mercury Grand Marquis, Nissan Armada and the Nissan Titan and the latter two can be fitted with a Nissan cold air intake system for a better performance.

The use of bio-ethanol on engines is unlike biodiesel which does not need modification. Since ethanol is corrosive in nature, different parts of the engine and other auto parts needs to be fortified to withstand the corrosive nature of the fuel. The price of bio-ethanol is lower than that of gasoline but it contains less energy per gallon which means that consumers will consume more fuel to travel a given distance compared when using gasoline.

But the positive thing about the use of bio-ethanol is that it produces 80 percent less greenhouse gas when burned compared to petroleum gasoline. This means that vehicles running on E85 contribute less to global warming. Another advantage that bio-ethanol has over gasoline is that it comes from a renewable source. Bio-ethanol is produced from starch or sugar which is present on a wide variety of crops.

Currently, bio-ethanol as fuel is just entering its development phase and although E85 is already available and vehicles are already being manufactured to run on the fuel, there is still a lot of development that the fuel needs to go through. President Bush recently urged the U.S. Congress to approve the requested fund for the development of ethanol as fuel.

Today, the main source of ethanol is corn although there are also other sources of the said alternative fuel like wood chips. Further development of ethanol will bring the cost of the fuel even lower to make it really practical for consumers.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

Heads of GM, Ford, and Chrysler Meet Again With Bush by Katie Jones

CEOs of the Detroit's Big Three met with US President George W. Bush to tackle the use of alternative fuels. The talk is also an effort on the part of the administration to solicit support for the "20 in 10 program," which is aimed at reducing gasoline usage by 20 percent come the year 2017.

General Motors Corp. Chairman and CEO Rick Wagoner, Ford President and CEO Alan Mulally and Chrysler Group CEO Tom LaSorda all expressed strong support for Bush's goal of significantly increasing the amount of ethanol used to fuel vehicles. The ethanol accounts for 15 percent of the intended reduction.

President Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney participated in the demonstration of the three flex-fuel vehicles which were parked on the south lawn of the White House. The vehicles include a concept vehicle from Ford, the Edge Hy-Series Hybrid which can run on electricity or hydrogen alone; the flex-fuel Chevrolet Impala; and a bio-diesel fueled Jeep Grand Cherokee.

The vehicles do not only flaunt striking GM engines, Ford body parts, and Chrysler styling but they showcase the future of fuels. The automakers affirm their commitment to increase flex-fuel vehicles like those that run on biodiesel or ethanol. The target is to increase flex-fuel vehicles up to 50 percent by 2012. But automakers noted that it is not very difficult to convert a traditional gasoline engine to a flexible fuel vehicle. The conversion typically costs $100 or less.

"I found it very interesting that by 2012, 50 percent of the automobiles in America will be flex-fuel vehicles. That means that the American consumer will be able to either use gasoline or ethanol, depending upon, obviously, price and convenience. That's a major technological breakthrough for the country," Bush said. "If you want to reduce gasoline usage, like I believe we need to do so for national security reasons, as well as for environmental concerns, the consumer has got to be in a position to make a rational choice."

Bush reiterated his call on Congress to "move expeditiously on our plan to reduce gasoline usage by 20 percent over the next 10 years." Bush added, "It's in our national security interest that we do this, it's in economic security interest we do it, and all at the same time, it will help us be better stewards of the environment."

U.S. Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Lansing, commended the talk but said it is only a start. "I'm encouraged by the President's willingness to sit down with the Big Three, but the real proof of his commitment must come in the form of action," she said. "Michigan is building the cars, and it's time that the Administration put their full weight behind ensuring that all Americans have access to alternative fuels at their local gas station."

But environmental advocates said the emphasis on alternative fuels missed the point. Joan Claybrook, the president of Public Citizen, a group that advocates higher fuel economy standards said: "Automakers fool consumers into thinking they are helping the environment and lessening our dependency on foreign oil, while they manipulate the CAFE credit loophole, avoid meeting federal fuel economy standards and laugh their way to the bank."

About the Author

Katie Jones writes for a local newspaper and her beat involves the latest updates in the automotive industry. She is also working on her book on cars during her spare time.

Biodiesel Powered Vehicles Available in the United States by Lauren Woods

For the most part of the auto industry, gasoline has been used to power vehicles. Recently though, the threat of global warming and the impending shortage of fossil fuel has forced car manufacturers and other industries to look for substitutes to gasoline.

Diesel is a good alternative to gasoline since it is much cheaper, but the use of diesel also produces huge amounts of greenhouse gases even with the use of particulate filters and other systems which have been created especially so as to limit the emission of greenhouse gases.

For diesel engined vehicles, another form of fuel is slowly becoming more and more practical to use, and this is biodiesel. Biodiesel is a processed fuel from biological sources such as vegetable oils. This means that it comes from a renewable source of energy.

Technically, biodiesel can be used on any diesel engined vehicles. In the United States, there are already a host of vehicles which can run on biodiesel. These vehicles are the Chevrolet Express, the Dodge Ram and Sprinter, the Ford E-Series and the F-Series Super Duty, the GMC Savana, Sierra 2500 HD, Silverado 2500 HD, the Jeep Grand Cherokee, and the Volkswagen Touareg TDI.

Four Mercedes-Benz models which are capable of running on biodiesel are also available in the United States. These are the Mercedes-Benz E320 BLUETEC, R320 CDI, ML320 CDI, and the GL320 CDI. All these vehicles are available for all American car buyers who want to save on fuel consumption and at the same time contribute to the protection of the environment. While these vehicles are not originally equipped with performance enhancing aftermarket parts like Mitsubishi cold air intake systems, they can provide good fuel economy and high performance to boot.

Biodiesel is seen as one of the most promising alternative fuels under development. Using biodiesel instead of petroleum diesel reduces the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) emission by as much as 50 percent. Another greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, is also reduced by as much as 78 percent. The amount of carbon produced by burning biodiesel is countered by the amount of carbon of plants where the fuel came and these actually absorb the carbon from the atmosphere. It also contains less sulfur than petroleum diesel which means that vehicles running on biodiesel contribute less to the formation of acid rain compared to vehicles running on petroleum diesel.

Petroleum diesel when burned produces sulfur dioxide (SO2) which reacts with oxygen and water in the atmosphere to produce sulfuric acid, a component of acid rain.

Recently though, environmentalists became concerned on the negative impact of biodiesel on the environment. Since biodiesel is produced from biological sources, a huge area of rainforests is flattened to grow plants which are essential in producing the alternative fuel. The result of this is the increase in the risk of extinction of rare flora and fauna. In the Philippines and Indonesia, huge tracts of tropical forest areas have been sacrificed to increase biodiesel production.

In order for this issue to be resolved, the alternative fuel industry needs to come up with ways to produce biodiesel without sacrificing the natural landscape.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

'Highway to the Future: Mobile Hybrid Experience' Offered by Toyota by Lauren Woods

The Nashville International Auto Show is about to open its doors to the public on the sixth of April. In connection with this, the Toyota Motor Corporation announced that they will be bringing their "Highway to the Future: Mobile Hybrid Experience" to the said event.

The Japanese car manufacturer announced the schedule of their tour on the 26th of March. The company says that the experience is aimed to let consumers experience driving their hybrid vehicles like the very popular Toyota Prius aside from the Camry and Highlander hybrid vehicles. These entire three models will come to feature and sport around the company's Hybrid Synergy Drive System which allows them to make the most of the capability of the electric motor integrated into their vehicles.

Aside from the hands-on experience, Toyota will also be offering other interactive learning activities for the attendees. These four learning areas will be part of Toyota's exhibit at the Nashville Auto Show. One of these four interactive educational exhibits is the "Alternative Fuel: Fueling the Future" exhibit. This interactive part of Toyota's show tackles the different alternative fuels which may, one day, totally replace gasoline as the fuel of the world. Some of these alternative fuels are biodiesel, hydrogen, and bio-ethanol.

Aside from identifying these alternative fuels, Toyota will also be educating the attendees on how each and every one of these alternative fuels are produced.

Another interactive learning experience is the "Environment and Resources: Small Steps, Big Difference". This, meanwhile, tackles the different ways how the attendees can help in the protection of the environment in their own little way. This shows Toyota's concern for the environment and it seems to be already manifested in their lineup of fuel efficient vehicles. These vehicles are more fuel thrifty than a vehicle equipped with a Mercury cold air intake system.

The third interactive educational display at Toyota's exhibit is the "Prius Driving Experience" and aside from the actual test drive, Toyota allows attendees of the event to take advantage of a Prius driving simulation. Another part of Toyota's exhibit is the "Hybrid Technology: Not All Hybrids are Created Equal" and this one educates the attendees just about what hybrid technology is and where it is found and in what vehicle.

Aside from identifying the hybrid technologies employed by different vehicles, Toyota also highlights each technology's benefit to the environment and the consumer.

The 2007 Nashville International Auto Show will start on the sixth of April and will run until the eighth of the month. Toyota's hands-on exhibit will start from 10:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. on the dates April 6 and 7. On April 8, the driving experience for Toyota's hybrid will run from 10:00 a.m. until 6:00 p.m.

The "Highway to the Future: Mobile Hybrid Experience will be held at the LP Field. To promote the driving experience to attendees of the motor show, a free shuttle service will be provided to take attendees to the LP Field.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

Buses Named Most Fuel-Efficient U.S. Transportation Mode by Lauren Woods

Nathan Associates, a consulting firm, announced that buses are the most fuel-efficient transportation mode in the United States. The report showed that motor coaches offered 148.4 passenger miles per gallon in 2004.

This figure shows that the mode of transportation is doing its share in the reduction of fuel consumption of the country. A bus capacity to accommodate a huge number of persons made them the most fuel-efficient mode of transportation.

The sector though is suffering from the declining number of passengers which is due to the advent of air travel which have become cheaper. This takes a lot of passengers fore this mode of transportation in the U.S. While there may be lesser passengers on today's inter-city buses compared in the past, the sector still provides good fuel savings for the country.

According to the study, the second most fuel efficient sector is inter-city trains which provided 74.1 passenger miles per gallon. Air carriers meanwhile also offered 40.9 passenger miles per gallon. Automobiles only achieved 35.4 passenger miles per gallon for the same year.

The American Bus Association President, Peter J. Pantuso, has this to say about the result of the study: "As energy conservation and environmental issues take center stage in Congress and with the traveling public, the motor coach industry is proud to be the leader in transportation fuel efficiency. Motor coaches are striving to do their part to help the U.S. achieve energy security."

This study shows that even as the auto industry is developing ways to increase fuel efficiency, other sectors are already providing good value for the amount of fuel that they consume. This also shows that every sector in the U.S. is doing its share to support the administration's goal to reduce fuel dependence on other countries.

The sector will be a good help in making President Bush's "Twenty in Ten" program. While most buses today are running on petroleum diesel, their switch to biodiesel is forthcoming. This means that the sector can increase their efficiency and at the same time take care of the environment. As the country strives to address the global warming issue, the sector is in a position to help out in the goal.

According to the study, "the motor coach transportation service industry is the number one people mover. In 2005 the industry carried 631,000,000 passengers in the United States and Canada alone. The motor coach transportation service industry carries one-fourth more passengers than the airline industry and twice more than Amtrak and commuter rail combined." The buses employed by the industry are even more fuel efficient than automobiles equipped with performance enhancing aftermarket parts like Saturn cold air intake system.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

Hybrid or Diesel: Making the Right Choice by Mike Bartley

Recent spikes in fuel prices have forced American car buyers to turn away from the traditional gas-guzzling vehicles. Newer vehicles received better attention due to their fuel efficiency. One of the most popular fuel misers are hybrid vehicles.

These vehicles are equipped with a small internal combustion engine and an electric motor which supplies the added power to the vehicle. Another form of fuel being looked into by car buyers are diesel engined vehicles. The diesel engine in the past received a bad reputation because of its noise and soot emission although it consumes less fuel and diesel is cheaper than gasoline.

Recent improvements on the auto industry have made diesel engines better than its ancestors. New generation diesel engines operate with less noise almost the same to that of a gasoline engine. Particulate filters also reduce the soot produced by diesel engines.

Due to these developments, car buyers are given the choice of either opting for a hybrid vehicle or a vehicle equipped with a diesel engine. In choosing which of the two is going to be the right one for car buyers, they need to consider what kind of driving they impose on their cars.

Hybrid vehicles are recommended for those who do more city than highway driving. This is because hybrid vehicles are designed for low speed driving. The engine of a hybrid electric vehicle is a small one and it is assisted by an electric motor. When the vehicle stops, the engine shuts off thus saving fuel. This is favorable for city driving where frequent stops on stop lights are needed. On highway driving and uphill climbs, the small engine will be subjected to an increased load which means that it will consume more fuel than you would actually want it to.

Diesel engines on the other hand are more efficient on high speed driving. Since it provides a lot of torque, a vehicle is given good acceleration and that is why it now popular on the European sports car. The lower price of diesel compared to gasoline also makes it a much better choice than hybrid vehicles in highway driving.

New development like particulate filters and other emission controlling parts are integrated to today's diesel engines so emissions are not a problem anymore. In addition to that, diesel engines are just experiencing the start of its development which means that in the near future, car buyers can have a diesel engine vehicle that performs even better than a gasoline one at a fraction of the cost on the pump.

Diesel engines can also run on alternative fuels like biodiesel without configuration - an attribute that will make the engine popular among environment conscious car buyers.

In choosing a fuel efficient car, motorists should consider different areas of the automobile. Both the hybrid vehicle and diesel engine are good alternatives to conventional gasoline engines but choosing between the two is a task just like when one is looking for a {a href=" http://www.shopnisparts.com/nissan-fog-light"}Nissan fog light.

About the Author

Mike Bartley, 49, is a professional automotive journalist domiciled in Irvine, CA. He travels from one state to another to cover the hottest auto shows, racing events and automotive revelations. His penned compositions cover press releases, reviews, and suggestions. Where the auto action is, that's exactly where you can find Mike. mikebartley@yahoo.com Irvine, CA 92602 http://www.speedyperformanceparts.com

Hydrogen Vehicles Available For Test Drive by Lauren Woods

Alternative fuels are slowly gaining more and more public support, thanks to the increasing awareness of environmental protection. More and more car manufacturers are pouring in a lot of money in the development of vehicles that will run on alternative fuels. Currently, some alternative fuels that are being developed include the likes of ethanol, biodiesel, electricity, and hydrogen. These fuels are cleaner than petroleum products. These also come from renewable energy sources unlike gasoline and diesel which comes from non-renewable fossil fuels.

One of the most promising alternative fuels because of its zero emission quality is hydrogen. Aside from the fact that it produces only water when used as fuel, hydrogen is also abundant in nature. While it may seem that hydrogen used as fuel seems more like theory instead of reality to many motorists, there are already hydrogen powered cars developed by car manufacturers.

These vehicles will be available for test drives when the Texas H2 Coalition unveils several hydrogen powered cars in Austin. The vehicles will be available for drivers who want to experience driving a car of the future. The event facilitated by the organization promoting hydrogen as fuel of the future is free to the public. It is aimed to display the current technologies developed by car makers in using hydrogen as fuel. Aside from the performance of these cars, the event will also showcase how these vehicles can be refueled.

Vehicles that will be showcased and available for test drives at the event come from car makers like BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Toyota, and General Motors. A valid driver's license is the only requirement for those who wants to take a ride on these vehicles.

Pete Parsons Marshall, the Executive Director of the Texas H2 Coalition, has this to say about the event: "Hydrogen fueled vehicles are swiftly becoming a reality. They are not something that is off in the distant future. The challenge now is just finding ways to create an infrastructure that will support them." This is the current problem being faced by advocates for the use of hydrogen as fuel. Without facilities to refuel hydrogen vehicles across the country, car buyers will not buy them even if they are fuel efficient and eco-friendly.

On the other hand, without the numerous hydrogen vehicles on the road, businessmen will not invest on putting up hydrogen refueling facilities which will definitely require a lot of capital. In this regard, the government should take steps to solve this chicken-and-egg problem. If no steps are taken to promote the construction of hydrogen refueling facilities, the capability of hydrogen as a potent substitute to gasoline or diesel will remain stuck in its developmental stage just like how Chrysler's Eagle brand, with its Eagle cold air intake system, met its doom.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

Vegetable Oil as Substitute for Diesel by Glady Reign

The current global warming issue has sparked great interest in the development of newer and cleaner sources of energy aside from fossil fuel. Fossil fuels are non-renewable and when fuels from this resource are burned, they produce harmful gases which trap heat in the atmosphere thus the greenhouse effect.

Recently, more and more industries including the auto industry are looking for new source of energy which can replace gasoline or diesel. Biodiesel and ethanol, along with hydrogen, are presently the most popular alternative fuels being developed. All these came from renewable resources and burns cleaner than conventional gasoline or diesel.

But another alternative fuel being cited by different auto experts is vegetable oil.

Vegetable oil can power a diesel engine without any need for modifications on the design of the engine. The main problem of this fuel is that it freezes above the freezing point of water which means that certain chemicals needs to added to it to keep it from freezing and blocking fuel lines.

One suggestion for those who owns diesel engined vehicles is to use waste restaurant grease to conserve on fossil fuel consumption. In fact, one driver has driven around Europe on a car that runs on vegetable oil that he managed to procure from restaurants along the way. Scottish Anthony Berretti accomplished the feat using his converted Fiat van.

Meanwhile, another company in Easthampton, Massachusetts promotes the use of vegetable oil as fuel. Greasecar Vegetable Fuel Systems, as the company is called, manufactures a conversion kit for vehicles to run on vegetable oil. In the company's nine years in business, they have already sold 3,500 kits and they have reported an increase in sales for the past few years owing to car owners looking for ways to cut down their fuel consumption.

Vegetable oil can come from restaurants that are more often than not happy to dispose of their used vegetable oil for free.

Aside from companies manufacturing kits to convert conventional cars to run on vegetable oil, there are also companies like Fry-O-Diesel which supplies the needed vegetable oil for motorists. Based in Philadelphia, Fry-O-Diesel has developed a technology to convert the foul brown grease from restaurant sink traps into usable fuel. The use of vegetable oil is a good step to reduce the amount of CO2 since the amount of carbon dioxide released by burning vegetable oil as fuel is countered by the amount of carbon dioxide that the plants from where vegetable oil are made of absorbs from the atmosphere.

Aside from Fry-O-Diesel, the North American Biofuels which is based in New York is also another company producing bio fuel from trap grease.

While the use of vegetable oil is beneficial to the environment, the amount of vegetable oil from restaurants all over the country is not enough to significantly replace diesel from fossil fuels. According to Steve Bantz, an engineer wit the Union of Concerned Scientists, out of the estimated 3.8 billion pounds of U.S. restaurant grease, 495 million gallons of biodiesel can be produced. This figure accounts only for one percent of the United States' diesel consumption. While that may be the case, the development of vegetable oil as replacement for fossil based diesel acts like Volvo park lights by showing the direction where the alternative fuel industry is going.

About the Author

Glady Reign is a 32 year old is a consultant for an automotive firm based in Detroit, Mi. she is a native of the motor city and grew up around cars hence her expertise in the automotive field.

Pure BioFuels To Raise Annual Callao Plant Capacity To 52.5M by Correy Putton

Pure Biofuels announced the increase of capacity at its primary Callao Port facility, built on a 47,000-square-meter parcel of waterfront land near the capital city of Lima, Peru. With three 17.5 million gallon per year modules, the facility is set to produce an annual capacity of 52.5 million gallons of biodiesel. The Callao plant is situated in close proximity to the La Pampilla Refinery which is one of Peru's biggest oil refineries.

The Callao Port refinery of the company will process biodiesel from crude palm oil feedstock. The company has already secured memorandums of understanding with local fuel distributors for all of Callao Port's annual biodiesel production.

Luis Goyzueta, the Pure Biofuels' president, earlier provided the names of the construction company that will be building the refinery as well as the engineering firm designing the facility. Polindustria, a veteran Peruvian engineering firm, is chosen as the General Contractor. Consequently, Capricorn Chemical Engineering SA, popularly known as Capricorn, will be providing Pure Biofuels basic engineering, instrumentation, control schematics, and process flow design. The two companies are famous in infrastructure projects that Pure Biofuels is planning.

"We are extremely pleased with the team we have pulled together for our primary facility and we're very confident in our plans to establish Pure Biofuels as one of South America's true leaders in alternative energy production," said Goyzueta. "With a 50 million gallon per year facility, Pure Biofuels can make a significant impact on the amount of diesel fuel used in Peru, and, more importantly, we can help contribute to the energy independence of all of South America."

At present, automakers are aimed at discovering and producing biofuels, renewable energy sources derived from biomass, to replace oil and natural gas. The studies also focus on the use of cheap organic matter like sewage and agricultural wastes as well as cellulose. These organic matters efficiently produce gas and liquid biofuels that give off high net energy gain.

Biodiesel is basically derived from vegetable oil. It can be utilized by unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel improves the overall performance of engines. It is a hundred percent compatible with today's diesel vehicles and infrastructure. Aside from this, biodiesel is also proven reliable in over fifty million miles of road testing.

Biodiesel complements Borla and other exhaust system. Biodiesel is famed for its ability to reduce harmful exhaust emissions that contribute significantly to global warming. This biofuel is the first and only fuel to have passed the Clean Air Act. By 2025, the United Nations expects biofuels to account for 25 percent of world energy needs.

About the Author

Corey Putton is a 28-year old bachelor from Pittsburgh, PA who has been around cars for the better part of his life. He now works online and writes all about his passion: cars. He is also a certified mechanic.

Hydrogen Fuel Gains Momentum by Lauren Woods

The auto industry has been forced to take drastic steps to combat the recent spikes in the price of petroleum products. Different frontiers in the alternative fuel field have been put under scrutiny hoping that these fuels will one day eliminate the world's dependence on petroleum products. Biodiesel and electricity are some of the ways viewed as clean substitutes for gasoline and diesel as fuel and power sources.

Another alternative fuel under development is hydrogen. The use of hydrogen is seen as the future of zero emission vehicles since this element when used as fuel produces only water instead of the harmful gas that are emitted by burned petroleum products.

Recently, the use of hydrogen as fuel gained momentum as Linde Gas announced that they will be the sole provider of hydrogen fuel for the National Hydrogen Association's (NHA) conference being held in San Antonio, Texas. The company is part of the Linde Group and is the only company with the technology to provide hydrogen fuel to any hydrogen fueled vehicle.

The company has the technology to produce and provide hydrogen in liquid or gaseous form for fuel-cell vehicles. Among the auto makers that Linde Gas will be supplying include BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Honda, General Motors, Toyota, and Volkswagen. These automakers are known for their current research and developmental studies in the use of hydrogen as fuel for their future vehicles.

Joachim Wolf, the Executive Director for Hydrogen Solutions of the Linde Group, has this to say about their technology: "Fueling and driving hydrogen-powered vehicles just got easier and more energy efficient, thanks to technology developed by Linde. As the theme of this year's NHA conference is 'Hydrogen: Here and Now,' it is only appropriate for Linde to demonstrate our unique capability of fuelling all vehicles at this important event."

As of today, the company has already equipped more than sixty hydrogen refueling stations all over the world according to Wolf. He also maintained that the company is expected to meet the future demands for hydrogen as fuel.

The efficiency of hydrogen as fuel has already been tested on the BMW Hydrogen 7 Series. The said concept vehicle have been tested to travel significantly more miles before refueling compared to other prototypes using hydrogen as fuel. At the conference, spokespersons from the Linde Group will talk about the safety of hydrogen when used as fuel which is one of the main concerns of the public given the fact that hydrogen is highly flammable in nature.

Another issue to be addressed at the conference is the material that will be used in storing the fuel. With more and more car makers putting in effort to produce a hydrogen-powered zero emission vehicles like General Motors, it will only be a matter of time before fuel efficient vehicles equipped with Chevy cold air intake to increase fuel efficiency are replaced by zero emission vehicles burning hydrogen as fuel.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

The auto industry has been forced to take drastic steps to combat the recent spikes in the price of petroleum products. Different frontiers in the alternative fuel field have been put under scrutiny hoping that these fuels will one day eliminate the world's dependence on petroleum products. Biodiesel and electricity are some of the ways viewed as clean substitutes for gasoline and diesel as fuel and power sources.

Another alternative fuel under development is hydrogen. The use of hydrogen is seen as the future of zero emission vehicles since this element when used as fuel produces only water instead of the harmful gas that are emitted by burned petroleum products.

Recently, the use of hydrogen as fuel gained momentum as Linde Gas announced that they will be the sole provider of hydrogen fuel for the National Hydrogen Association's (NHA) conference being held in San Antonio, Texas. The company is part of the Linde Group and is the only company with the technology to provide hydrogen fuel to any hydrogen fueled vehicle.

The company has the technology to produce and provide hydrogen in liquid or gaseous form for fuel-cell vehicles. Among the auto makers that Linde Gas will be supplying include BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Honda, General Motors, Toyota, and Volkswagen. These automakers are known for their current research and developmental studies in the use of hydrogen as fuel for their future vehicles.

Joachim Wolf, the Executive Director for Hydrogen Solutions of the Linde Group, has this to say about their technology: "Fueling and driving hydrogen-powered vehicles just got easier and more energy efficient, thanks to technology developed by Linde. As the theme of this year's NHA conference is 'Hydrogen: Here and Now,' it is only appropriate for Linde to demonstrate our unique capability of fuelling all vehicles at this important event."

As of today, the company has already equipped more than sixty hydrogen refueling stations all over the world according to Wolf. He also maintained that the company is expected to meet the future demands for hydrogen as fuel.

The efficiency of hydrogen as fuel has already been tested on the BMW Hydrogen 7 Series. The said concept vehicle have been tested to travel significantly more miles before refueling compared to other prototypes using hydrogen as fuel. At the conference, spokespersons from the Linde Group will talk about the safety of hydrogen when used as fuel which is one of the main concerns of the public given the fact that hydrogen is highly flammable in nature.

Another issue to be addressed at the conference is the material that will be used in storing the fuel. With more and more car makers putting in effort to produce a hydrogen-powered zero emission vehicles like General Motors, it will only be a matter of time before fuel efficient vehicles equipped with Chevy cold air intake to increase fuel efficiency are replaced by zero emission vehicles burning hydrogen as fuel.

About the Author

Given her background on cars as an auto insurance director, Lauren Woods finds the world of cars to be constantly changing.

IndyCar Series to Use Pure Ethanol For 2007 Season by Jenny McLane

Alternative fuels have been receiving much attention lately due to the increasing awareness of global warming and the dedication of the U.S. government to reduce dependency on foreign oil. Several companies in the alternative fuel industry have been making great leap in the development of fuels which can be substituted for gasoline.

Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels being developed along with ethanol. Currently, there are already cars and vehicles on the road which run on fuel composed of ethanol and gasoline. The use of ethanol is widely supported by the government since it is proven to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Recently, ethanol, as a substitute for gasoline, found a new ally in the form of the IndyCar Series. The open-wheel racing series highlighted by the famous Indianapolis 500 will use pure ethanol as its fuel for the upcoming season.

The series will be making motor sports history when it opens the season with the XM Satellite Radio Indy 300 on March 24 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. The racing series will be the first ever motor sport which will use pure ethanol as fuel for the supplied 3.5 liter Honda Indy V8 engines. The sport will be setting the record for a racing series to use a renewable fuel which is a step towards the "Greening of Racing".

Ethanol will replace methanol which has served as the fuel of choice for the series for over forty years. Tony Kanaan, the series' champion in 2004, has this to say about the use of ethanol: "The IndyCar Series jump to ethanol has been great. We are definitely on the right path with ethanol. There is more power with the new (3.5-liter Honda Indy V-8) engine. It runs clean and it is better for the environment. So it is a win-win situation, and that is great for the series. Ethanol is another alternative to gasoline. If we can show that the IndyCar Series cars can run ethanol, then it is good for everyone's street cars."

The use of ethanol in vehicles such as those used in racing is a good choice since the fuel possesses characteristics which suit the need for more power of these race cars. Ethanol has a higher octane rating than methanol. This means that ethanol resists premature detonation better than the previously used methanol.

Premature detonation reduces the amount of power generated per volume of fuel. Knocking also increases the fuel consumption since the engine needs to compensate for the loss of power by providing more fuel to be burned.

In cases of high performance vehicles, the 113 octane rating of ethanol is more desirable compared to the 107 octane rating of methanol. The fact that ethanol comes from agricultural products which are renewable adds to the appeal of the fuel as a substitute for gasoline and in the case of racing, methanol.

For all the power provided by ethanol, it produces fewer emissions than either gasoline or methanol. The cool looking cars of the series, although without headlights which makes them not applicable to have that Lund look of high quality headlights, are driven up to speeds of more than 230 miles per hour surely needed that extra power from ethanol.

The clean efficiency of ethanol has really received a good ally in the form of the series. The cars will have more power while producing less harmful emissions. And this means that both popular racing series, the alternative fuel industry, and the environment as well as the public will benefit from this action from IndyCar.

About the Author

Jenny McLane is a 36 year old native of Iowa and has a knack for research on cars and anything and everything about it. She works full time as a Market Analyst for one of the leading car parts suppliers in the country today.

Using Biodiesel - Saving Money & Helping The Environment by Assaf Katzir

More and more people choose to use biodiesel as their alternative fuel for their diesel vehicle. There are so many reasons and incentives to use biodiesel instead of petrodiesel. The biodiesel is produced from vegetable oil or animal fat. The vegetable oil has to pass a simple chemical process that is called transesterification in order to become biodiesel.

You go to local restaurants and fast food branches, ask to speak with the manager and explain him or her that you would like to have their used vegetable oil before they through it away. Most of the restaurants' managers will be happy to supply it for you since you pick their "garbage". You can provide them the container that they will fill up with the used vegetable oil and agree with them when is best to pick it up.

Most of the diesel engines do NOT require any modification in order to use bio-diesel instead of petrodiesel. Only diesel engines that have natural rubber parts instead of synthetic rubber parts cannot use biodiesel, but these engines are not as common as the engines that can use the biodiesel.

Using biodiesel is very cost effective and can save a lot of money. When you make the biodiesel yourself the average saving is more than 50%. Even though that using biodiesel is much more than just saving money, this reason alone is a great incentive to do so. An engine that runs on biodiesel is much healthier so the saving is not just by the biodiesel cost compared to petrodiesel but by the maintenance costs.

The ecological reason of using biodiesel is not less important than saving money. When powering diesel engines with biodiesel, the pollution is reduced significantly. Studies showed that several pollution parameters levels were reduced while using biodiesel as opposed to petrodiesel.

You can save money and help to reduce pollution as well. It is very easy to make biodiesel at home.

About the Author

Assaf Katzir invites you to learn how to make biodiesel at home and what kind of biodiesel equipment is required.

Top Auto Execs To Meet Again With Bush by Jenny McLane

The Detroit's Big Three will meet again with President George W. Bush in Washington later this month to discuss the increased use of flexible and alternative fuels. No date has been announced but the White House spokesperson said that the administration stays in contact with the automakers.

The talk will cover the increase of use of flexible and alternative fuels as well as other issues related to the industry. "We look forward to working with them [automakers] to reduce gasoline usage," said White House spokesman Alex Conant.

Colin McBean, the manager of Washington communications for DaimlerChrysler AG, said the talks likely will center on alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuel such as ethanol and biodiesel-powered vehicles. He added, "There's interest among the respective parties to discuss flexible fuel as well as alternative fuels."

Last November, Bush met with General Motors Corp. Chairman and Chief Executive Rick Wagoner, Ford Motor Co. CEO Alan Mulally and DaimlerChrysler AG's Chrysler Group CEO Tom LaSorda. The President promised a continued dialogue on trade, health care and other issues as well.

Bush, in his State of the Union address, proposed reducing gasoline use by 20 percent over the next ten years. Bush called for ramping up the production of alternative fuels such as ethanol made from new, non-corn feedstocks. The President also called on Congress to require the yearly use of 35 billion gallons of ethanol and other alternative fuels like biodiesel by 2017. The intent is to increase the current requirements five times.

Spokesmen for Ford and GM decline to comment whether a meeting between the president and the auto executives had been arranged. Sen. Debbie Stabenow, on the other hand, said another meeting is a good step, but she said Bush needs to allocate more money to alternative fuel and battery technology development. "We need to see a boldness coming from the president's budget on alternative fuels," she said.

Stabenow expects the executives and Bush to discuss increasing the number of filling stations that have ethanol and biofuels. While incentives have been successful in developing alternative fuels, the infrastructure is not in place yet to get them to consumers, she said.

In 2006, top executives of GM, Ford and DaimlerChrysler said that by 2010 they would double their production of flexible fuel vehicles, which can run on blends of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. They intend to build two million of these vehicles a year by 2010.

However, the goal could be derailed due to lack of fueling stations that carry the ethanol blends. Fewer than one percent of the nation's 170,000 gas stations offer E85, and most are found in the Midwest. Another dilatory situation is requirement of meticulous study about alternative and flexible fuels. It needs further study about engines, Fram filters, radiators, brakes, and other crucial auto parts.

About the Author

Jenny McLane is a 36 year old native of Iowa and has a knack for research on cars and anything and everything about it. She works full time as a Market Analyst for one of the leading car parts suppliers in the country today.

Alternative Fuel Autos Sale Exceeds Estimates By 50 Percent by Ryan Thomas

Car buyers are now opting for fuel efficient vehicles offered by different car manufacturers. This is what the Auto Alliance announced as a way to start the celebration of the National Alternative Fuel Autos Week.

The group of car makers reported that there are now 10.5 million alternative fuel vehicles on U.S. roads according to 2006 sales data from R.L Polk and Co. The data also shows that last year alone, more than 1.5 million alternative fuel vehicles were sold. The figure surpasses the expectation of the auto industry by as much as 50 percent.

Today, car makers based in the U.S. or abroad are offering 60 models of alternative fuel vehicles. These include hybrid electric vehicles, flex-fuel vehicles which can run on a combination of gasoline and bio-ethanol, and diesel engine equipped vehicles which gets its juice from biodiesel.

Dave McCurdy, the President of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, has this to say during the announcement: "There are 10.5 million Alternative Fuel Autos on the roads and highways of every state across the country. We are happy to see that consumers are, in fact, discovering the alternatives that are available to them on dealership lots nationwide. We believe that the numbers of Alternative Fuel Autos on the roads continues to rise because consumers can choose from a variety of autos that reduce fuel use while still providing the utility, safety, performance and comfort they seek."

While there are a lot of alternative fuel vehicle out in the market, car manufacturers are still looking for ways to develop more technology which will be employed by their vehicles to make them more fuel efficient. Alternative fuel vehicles are not the only vehicle to be produced with concern for the environment in mind though.

Conventional vehicles are also equipped with features that make them more fuel efficient and more eco-friendly. These features include fuel injectors, variable valve timing, continuously variable transmission (CVT), and exhaust filtration devices like the Nissan catalytic converter. These features allow even conventional vehicles to consume less fuel but still perform at the highest possible level.

In order to offer more fuel efficient vehicles, members of the Alliance have created partnerships with the alternative fuel industry to make alternative fuel more available to consumers. As of today, members of the Alliance have created over 25 partnerships with other industries to facilitate the development of newer alternative fuel technology.

The aim of the group is emphasized on McCurdy's statement. "Having exceeded our sales expectations in 2006, we hope that 2007 will be another banner year for sales of Alternative Fuel Autos. This year marks the first-ever National Alternative Fuel Autos Week and automakers hope to draw more attention to the availability of these autos currently for sale."

About the Author

Ryan Thomas is a native of Denver, Colorado. He grew up in a family of car afficionados. He now resides in Detroit where he owns a service shop and works part time as a consultant for a local automotive magazine.

30 Phrases To Repeat During Difficult Technical Discussions by William Z. Piker

It used to be a skill of Social Climbers a key skill was that of name dropping. Now it is a question of core phrase dropping during difficult technical discussion. When at loggerheads it is always wise to know such phrases as

1) that is why it is time to upgrade to the new Microsoft Vista 2) Do you realize that they went to the moon on 8 k. of memory? 3) That idea has merit 4) They were discussing that very issue and exploit on that most popular podcast or blog, Time magazine, People magazine, New York or LA Times or the Economist. The Economist magazine is always best. It is widely held in stead by left wing types. It comes out weekly and covers the full waterfront. Best the stories seem to hold hidden jewels on rereads and it is impossible for anyone to have fully read any issue. 5) Dvorak's Law in 1987 was "That no matter what they say your new computer is going to cost you $ 3,000". 6) We should have never upgraded to .... 7) In the end functionality is everything 8) They should conduct a thorough study on that very relevant topic 9) HUD came to a similar conclusion after Katrina 10) Will this work cross platform 11) Do you realize that there is more English speaking in China than in all of North America? 12) I could not understand the accent of the tech support person on the toll free tech support line 13) It is available online at the FAQ at jerkbossesihaveknown 14) Yes that is the tact initiated by Windows NT 15) I remember this very topic in a discussion the Staples or Best Buy in store tech 16) Mr. Henry Ford on the tech support line from Banglore India answered that well very well and succintly 17) Do you realize that all software conflicts arise from the poor typewriting skills of software engineers who as well talk fast and drink too much coffee? 18) Is this driver available for this device for the Windows Vista operating system? 19) Biodiesel is the way to go. Biodiesel is the wave of the future. 20) Has this issue been followed up? A ticket written ? 21) We cannot have that here. 22) Bloated code 23) In the end economics simply comes down to supply and demand 24) There is identical to a Dilbert cartoon. 25) Those who cannot do manage. Let them down and spend some time in the front lines. 26) It never hurts to be conservative in these matters/ 27) Experience is the key teacher in life 28) Are we properly currently licensed for this product? 29) Its simply a computer virus, spyware or malware 30) This will all end with crying.

About the Author

William Z. Piker Ace Employment Services http://www.adgerlinux.com http://www.vintagecomputermanuals.com http://www.aceemploymentservices.net

Using Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel by Brannan Sirratt

With the rising cost of fuel, Sunday drives and trips to grandma's are no longer relaxing past-times. Enjoying the journey has been replaced with counting the mileage and crimping the budget. Beside the issue of price, a growing desire to "reduce, reuse and recycle" has also left consumers wondering "What next?" and often, "What else?" when filling their tank at the gas pump. A variety of alternatives to petroleum fuel have recently been presented to consumers, though not all of them are yet viable on a widespread scale. Hydrogen is still years away, Ethanol or E85 is not available in all locations and buying a Hybrid may not meet the average consumer's budget.

One option that makes the most sense (especially to those with diesel-powered vehicles) and the most of our resources is biodiesel. This alternative fuel is most commonly made from fats and vegetable oils through a process called transesterfication. Don't let the complicated name fool you, the concept is quite simple: it takes the oils and separates the glycerin (used to make soaps, etcetera) and replace it with methanol to create methyl esters, a.k.a biodiesel. Put simply, it takes one type of trash and turns it into two usable products.

It may be easy to read about biodiesel and even advocate it, but placing a foreign substance in your vehicle may be a more intimidating task. However, biodiesel fuel that meets specifications is perfectly safe to use in your diesel engine vehicle, usually with little or no modifications. As with all fuels, it is always a good idea to check with your manufacturer and implement regular maintenance procedures. Biodiesel can be used separately or in a mix with petroleum diesel, and both options are beneficial to your vehicle and environment. In fact, biodiesel eliminates most of the exhaust emissions found in petroleum-diesel vehicles; making it the safest fuel to use and the most economic way to reuse resources among consumer fueling options.

About the Author

Homebiodieselkits.com is a great resource for information on making biodiesel, they also offer complete biodiesel processors that do all of the work for you.

The Fuel Of The Future Is Here by Joe Thompson

Today's vehicles are fortified with the latest advances in technology to create eye-popping designs, state-of-the-art auto parts, revolutionary amenities and remarkably low emissions to meet the standards. In fact, the most promising vehicles of the present time are coming into the market place with the most-advanced and environment friendly fuels. These fuels, as a fact, offer a slice of the future and they are just under your nose.

Diesel It is, by far, the oldest technology in connection with auto fuel. Nonetheless, diesel has some important features that could serve as a bridge to the future. Diesel engines are said to be at least 30 percent more thermally efficient than gasoline engines. Modern day diesel engines are designed to blend well with the vehicle body parts to deliver a quiet and efficient operation. The BLUETEC technology which was initiated jointly by the Audi, Mercedes-Benz and Volkswagen brands, is well-accepted by auto aficionados.

Biodiesel This fuel is domestic and renewable. Usually, biodiesel is derived from natural oils such as canola and soybean. Generally, the fuel is a mixture of natural oils and petroleum-based diesel fuel. It oftentimes uses two to five percent of petroleum-based diesel. Biodiesel curbs foreign oil dependence and at the same time it reduces carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particulates and sulfur dioxide that pose as a great hazard to the environment.

Ethanol Another renewable fuel is ethanol and this is derived from plant sources. The fuel is usually made from corn, sugar cane and saw grasses however it could be derived from other crops as well. The most common ethanol blend is the E85 which is composed of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline. However, there are vehicles these days that are designed to run on 100 percent ethanol. According to statistics there are about two million 'flex-fuel' vehicles on the road that can run on ethanol.

Benefits of ethanol include extremely low emissions output because of its high oxygen content that make it emit no more than vapors.

Other Fuels Hydrogen, propane, methanol, and compressed natural gas are also some of the fuels that complement gasoline engines. These fuel applications are suited for some purposes that include but not limited to warehouse or closed-space operation and fleet usage.

Another technology is turbocharging. It increases thermal efficiency hence delivering more power from less displacement. Volkswagen, for one, delivers an impressive power output from its 1.4 liter engine by utilizing turbocharger and supercharger.

Fuel cell technology radiates incredible appeal. These fuels are environmentally clean having water vapor as its by-product. Audi, BMW, Daihatsu, Fiat, Ford, GM, Honda, Hyundai, Kia, Mitsubishi, Peugeot, Suzuki, Toyota and Volkswagen are some of brands that currently use fuel cell technology in their products.

Hybrids, a segment dominated by Toyota and Honda, are also hot items at the present milieu. They offer high fuel mileage, quiet operation and lower overall emissions.

About the Author

Joe Thompson is the owner of a successful auto body shop in Ferndale, California. This 38 year old is also a prolific writer, contributing automotive related articles to various publications.

Why Choose Biodiesel To Fuel Up Your Vehicle? by Elmy Halily

Over the recent years, biodiesel has begun to gain popularity. People all over the world are talking about this issue. The reason for this situation is because more people are concern about the environmental health. It is the role of the mass media that make them realize how bad the environment has been damaged. The other reason is people know that petroleum reserve is on its way to distinction. Thus it is the time to look for another energy resource to supply your vehicles.

There is much alternative energy available around the globe. But why you should consider biodiesel to fuel up your vehicle. One of the reason is it can save your money. This type of fuel is economy. To use biodiesel will only cost you about $3 per gallon compared to other alternatives which will cost you more than that. Why does biodiesel cost less? The origin of biodiesel is from the plants. It can be produced from plants such as oil palm, soybean, and corn or even from the used cooking oil. Thus it is more environmental friendly. Studies by the US National Renewable Energy Lab indicate that biodiesel used to power diesel engine will produce less smoke, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons.

Biodiesel is also good for your engine because it gives much higher lubricity to the engine. This means that it is essentially "slipperier" than normal diesel fuel. With the added lubricity, you can experience less wear and tear when used on a regular basis. Furthermore, biodiesel is perceived as the perfect altenative energy for your engine. Compared to other alternative energies like natural gas, propane and ethanol, you don't have to do alteration on your engine when using biodiesel. Natural gas and propane require special tanks to be installed and changes to the fuel injection must be made as well. Ethanol also requires specialized changes to the fuel injection system. Electricity requires a completely different engine.

Can you think of any other reasons for you to change to biodiesel? There are still more list to go. But these are the best reasons I can think of. To get more information about biodiesel production you can go to http://biodiesel-production-technology.blogspot.com

About the Author

Elmy Halily is a chemist working in the oil & gas industry. He has been working at various environments of oil & gas production plants. Be it onshore or offshore plants. He is an expert in handling many types of